2S10 |SS-31| 10mg*10vials | >99% Purity
Price range: $95.00 through $301.00
Chemical Specifications
| Product Name | 2S10(SS-31)/ Elamipretide |
|---|---|
| CAS Number | 736992-21-5 (free peptide); 1849610-71-4 (triacetate salt) |
| Free peptide Molecular Formula | C₃₂H₄₉N₉O₅; Molecular Weight: 639.79 Da |
| Triacetate salt Molecular Formula | C₃₈H₆₁N₉O₁₁; Molecular Weight: 819.94 Da |
| Purity (HPLC) | ≥ 99.0% |
| pH Level | stable pH range 4.5–6.5 |
| Appearance | White Lyophilized Powder |
| Storage | Store at -20°C (Protect from light and moisture) |
🧬
Basic Introduction
SS-31 is the world’s first cardiolipin-binding peptide precisely targeting inner mitochondrial membrane. Unlike ordinary antioxidants that only scavenge pre-formed free radicals, it blocks mitochondrial oxidative damage at the source.
Cardiolipin is a unique phospholipid exclusive to inner mitochondrial membrane, responsible for anchoring electron transport chain (ETC) complexes and maintaining cristae architecture. Aging, overtraining, ischemia and obesity trigger cardiolipin peroxidation, causing electron leakage, plummeting ATP output, massive ROS release and initiation of apoptotic pathways.
SS-31 selectively binds and stabilizes cardiolipin to restore mitochondrial structural integrity, boost respiratory chain efficiency, cut free radical production and block apoptotic signaling. It delivers targeted protection to high-energy tissues including heart, skeletal muscle, brain and kidneys.
It forms a complete mitochondrial repair system with MOTS-c and NJ100(NAD+): SS-31 repairs structural membrane damage of mitochondria; MOTS-c regulates AMPK to drive mitochondrial biogenesis; NAD+ supplies coenzymes for respiratory chain and sirtuin longevity proteins. The three act via complementary non-conflicting pathways and can be freely stacked. It causes no hormonal interference and fully compatible with GH secretagogues, GLP-1 weight-loss peptides, soft tissue repair peptides and neuropeptides.
What is Acetic Acid 1% (Sterile Solvent)?
🛡️
Unique peptide targeting cardiolipin to repair mitochondrial membrane structure, irreplaceable mechanism
MOTS-c and NAD+ focus on mitochondrial signaling and coenzyme supply; SS-31 exclusively fixes damaged inner mitochondrial membranes and stabilizes respiratory chains, delivering unmatched efficacy against structural mitochondrial injury, ideal for chronic sleep deprivation, overtraining and ischemic lesions.
✨
Upstream antioxidant superior to conventional radical scavengers
Most antioxidant peptides only neutralize pre-generated free radicals; SS-31 stabilizes cardiolipin to cut electron leakage and directly block ROS formation, delivering stronger anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects.
⚛️
Targeted enrichment in high-energy organs: heart, brain, muscle, kidney
Ordinary metabolic peptides distribute evenly across the whole body; SS-31 actively targets highest energy-consuming tissues for precise protection of exercise, neural and cardiovascular systems with superior utilization efficiency.
⚖️
Zero endocrine interference, full stacking compatibility
Does not alter GH, insulin, cortisol, GLP-1 or sex hormone pathways; freely combinable with weight-loss peptides, GH secretagogues, neuropeptides, bone repair peptides, NAD+ and MOTS-c with no antagonism.
⏳
Dramatically relieve mitochondrial stress induced by weight loss and high-intensity training
Calorie deficit and heavy resistance training aggravate mitochondrial oxidative damage; SS-31 offsets load injury to prevent fat-loss fatigue, slow recovery and accelerated senescence.
🔬
Abundant clinical data, best safety validation among mitochondrial peptides
Multiple Phase Ⅱ/Ⅲ clinical trials confirm excellent tolerability; only mild injection-site reactions observed, no severe organ toxicities, lower risks for long-cycle administrationPMC
Mechanism of Action
- Selectively bind and stabilize inner mitochondrial membrane cardiolipinElectrostatically binds cardiolipin molecules to shield them from oxidative radical attack and prevent peroxidation; maintains assembly of ETC supercomplexes to avoid complex dissociation and restore fragmented mitochondrial cristae structure.
- Cut electron leakage at source to drastically reduce ROS productionImprove electron transfer efficiency across respiratory chain to minimize escaped electrons, suppressing reactive oxygen species generation at its origin — superior to conventional post-hoc radical scavengers.
- Block apoptotic pathways to protect injured cellsStabilize cardiolipin-cytochrome c binding to prevent cytochrome c leakage into cytoplasm, inhibit downstream caspase apoptotic cascade and reduce cell necrosis/apoptosis induced by ischemia and oxidative stress.
- Boost ATP production and optimize mitochondrial bioenergeticsRepair intact respiratory chain to raise oxidative phosphorylation efficiency, generating more ATP from equal nutrient substrates and improving cellular energy supply system-wide.
- Inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome and relieve systemic low-grade inflammationReduce mitochondrial ROS-triggered NLRP3 activation, downregulate pro-inflammatory TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 to alleviate inflammaging, ischemia-reperfusion injury and sterile sports inflammation.
- Tissue-specific enrichment in high-energy organsPreferentially accumulates in cardiomyocytes, skeletal muscle fibers, hippocampal neurons and renal tubular cells, delivering targeted protection to four major high-energy tissues: heart, brain, muscle and kidney.
Core Efficacy
1Mitochondrial Structural Repair & Chronic Fatigue Relief (Core Benefit)
- Repair aged, damaged mitochondrial membranes and raise whole-body ATP output, relieving persistent exhaustion, limb soreness and daytime sleepiness caused by late nights, chronic stress, overtraining and age-related decline.
- Alleviate “weight-loss fatigue”: GLP-1 agonists create calorie deficit and increase mitochondrial load; SS-31 shields mitochondria to prevent mental lethargy and plummeting exercise endurance during fat loss cycles.
2 Cardioprotection, Relieve Myocardial Ischemia & Exercise Cardiac Load
- Reduce myocardial oxidative damage to relieve post-workout palpitations, chest tightness and heavy heartbeat; mitigate ischemia-reperfusion cardiac injury.
- Slow age-related myocardial mitochondrial decline and lower risk of chronic cardiac strain from long-term high-intensity training.
3 Boost Athletic Endurance & Speed Post-Training Recovery
- Stabilize muscle mitochondria to reduce lactic acid buildup, extend aerobic endurance and raise strength training volume capacity.
- Lower exercise-induced oxidative stress and muscle micro-tears, drastically shorten recovery time from Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS).
- Prevent overtraining syndrome and reduce cumulative sterile inflammation in muscle and joints from long-term training.
4 Neuroprotection, Relieve Brain Fog, Memory Loss & Cerebral Hypoperfusion
- Accumulate in hippocampal neuronal mitochondria to repair cerebral oxidative damage and boost neural energy supply, relieving forgetfulness, blocked thinking and poor focus.
- Suppress cerebral neuroinflammation to ease stress-induced insomnia, anxiety and tension migraine; alleviate sequelae of cerebral ischemia and mild traumatic brain injury.
5 Renal Antioxidant Protection & Relieve Metabolic Kidney Damage
6 Systemic Anti-Aging & Broad-Spectrum Anti-Inflammation, Slow Age-Related Functional Decline
- Block accumulation of mitochondrial oxidative damage to slow senescence of skin, muscle, nerve and visceral organ cells.
- Suppress age-related chronic inflammaging, relieve joint soreness, dull sagging skin and slowed metabolism.
🧪 What’s In The Vial
- Active Solvent: MTP-131, Bendavia
- CAS Number: 736992-21-5 (free peptide); 1849610-71-4 (triacetate salt)
- Base: 100% Sterile SWFI
- Appearance: White Lyophilized Powder
- pH Level: ~stable pH range 4.5–6.5
👩🔬 Essential For
- Chemical Classification Synthetic aromatic cationic tetrapeptide, inner mitochondrial membrane targeted peptide
- Formulation: Sterile lyophilized powder with acetate buffer, stable pH range 4.5–6.5
🔗 Best Paired With
- Lyophilized SS-31 Powders
- Calibrated Precision Micro-Pipettes
- Sterile Alcohol Prep Pads
- Refrigerated Storage (2°C – 8°C)
AS MENTIONED ON
Real People, Real Transformations
16 weeks
DURATION
+18 lbs
LEAN MASS
-7%
BODY FAT
“RESEARCHER NOTES: This subject struggled to gain weight for years. Upon introducing the CJC-1295 / Ipamorelin blend protocol, the results clicked. Muscle fullness improved significantly, and recovery time was cut in half.”
— Liam, age 24
12 weeks
DURATION
+14 lbs
LEAN MASS
-9%
BODY FAT
“I’d been training for years but never really saw the results. Once I started my IGF-1 LR3 and BPC-157 protocol, everything clicked. The lean tissue gains and joint recovery are unreal.”
— Marcus, age 30
12 weeks
DURATION
+10 lbs
LEAN MASS
-8%
BODY FAT
“I wanted muscle tone without ‘bulking’. Adding Ipamorelin to my regimen allowed me to train consistently. The mirror shows lean changes I couldn’t achieve with diet alone.”
— Sarah, age 29
12 weeks
DURATION
-28 lbs
LEAN MASS
-15%
BODY FAT
“RESEARCHER NOTES: Targeted a stubborn fat protocol with Tirzepatide. This subject experienced a massive reduction in visceral fat within the first 6 weeks without losing lean mass.”
— David, age 45
16 weeks
DURATION
-24 lbs
LEAN MASS
-12%
BODY FAT
“The fat just wouldn’t budge around my mid-section. Once I introduced Semaglutide into my research protocol, the weight loss was immediate, sustainable, and my cravings disappeared.”
— Emily, age 32
12 weeks
DURATION
-35 lbs
LEAN MASS
-18%
BODY FAT
“By targeting metabolic efficiency with Tesamorelin and AOD-9604, muscle tissue was preserved while stubborn visceral fat melted away. Completely different physique.”
— Daniel, age 41
8 weeks
DURATION
+45%
CLARITY
+60%
ELASTICITY
“I struggled with persistent redness and uneven texture. After adopting a GHK-Cu peptide protocol, the inflammation vanished. My skin literally glows from the inside.”
— Chloe, age 27
12 weeks
DURATION
+55%
REPAIR
+30%
YOUTHFUL
“My face looked permanently tired. Working with Epithalon and GHK-Cu was a game changer. Pores minimized, fine lines reduced, and I’m sleeping deeper too.”
— Jason, age 36
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